What is the circular economy?

Unlike the linear model—“extract – produce – consume – dispose”—the circular economy is an economic model that aims to extend the lifespan of objects and materials, reduce waste, and transform waste into resources.
The circular economy helps decrease waste and the use of natural resources, thereby limiting greenhouse gas emissions.

What is the Swiss policy framework for the circular economy?

Since 1 January 2025, Switzerland has strengthened its commitment to the circular economy with the entry into force of several legislative revisions, notably in the Environmental Protection Act, the Energy Act and the Public Procurement Act.

These reforms aim in particular to:

• Reduce environmental impacts and the consumption of natural resources
• Strengthen the competitiveness of the Swiss economy
• Improve economic competitiveness while ensuring the country’s security of supply
• Promote recycling rather than incineration
• Encourage responsible and sustainable public procurement
• Stimulate innovation in sectors related to the circular economy

The Confederation, the cantons and businesses are now called upon to work closely together to implement these principles.

Does the Canton of Vaud support the circular economy?

On 28 September 2025, the people of Vaud voted overwhelmingly in favour of the cantonal authorities’ counterproposal on the circular economy, with 67.6% of the vote.

This vote marks:

• The inclusion of a new constitutional article (56a) in the Constitution of the Canton of Vaud.
• The commitment of the State and the municipalities to:
  • Use environmentally friendly materials.
  • Reduce waste generation.
  • Promote reuse, repair, renovation and recycling.

This legal framework provides strong momentum for the canton’s ecological transition and for the implementation of concrete solutions across all economic sectors, far beyond the construction industry alone.